Definition of Ability to Pay

Definition of Ability to pay is the principle of taxation that persons with equal incomes and equal capacity to pay a tax should be taxed the same. This alternative to a benefit tax was suggested as early as the mercantilist period because it appears to be a just approach. John Stuart Mill argued that equality in taxation meant equality of sacrifice: this is ambiguous as the sacrifice may be in absolute, proportional or marginal terms. As sacrifice means loss of utility, the theory can only work if different persons' utilities can be compared.

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